This scramble marked the end of the second period of a semi-finals match between two wrestlers ranked in the top 10 nationally by InterMat Wrestling.

Bryce Brill (Mt. Carmel – Chicago, IL) takes a bad shot from left field on Jake Short (Simley, MN) and appears to give up a takedown at the end of the second period of this Cheesehead Wrestling tournament semi-final match.

However, when the dust settled, no points were awarded.

While I believe this match was well officiated from start to finish, I believe an error was made when it comes to this non-call at the end of the second period.  Once Short was able to work back on top and control Brill’s hips prior to the buzzer, a takedown should have been awarded.  The fact that Brill was still attempting to counter, first with the body lock then with a body whizzer/knee block, is of no consequence. There are three different illustrations in the 2011-2012 NFHS Rule Book that illustrate this point:

In my opinion there is not much difference between any of the illustrations above and the position that Brill and Short ended up in at the buzzer. I seems to be a pretty clear takedown to me. Let’s look at the rule referenced in all of the illustrations above:

I believe all of the criteria laid out in 5-25-1 have been met.

Brill and Short started in the neutral position at the beginning of the scramble.  Short ultimately gained control over Brill’s down on the mat.  The supporting points of at least one wrestler were inbounds when control was gained.

That said, reasonable people can disagree on a call this close.

Since there is no way to codify what constitutes “control” in all positions and situations, often times control must be “felt” by the calling official. The NFHS Wrestling publications state several times that “control is felt rather than observed”. In scramble situations such as these it can be difficult to get a feel for when control has been obtained.  I’m sure that’s what lead to a no-call in this case.

The 2011-2012 NFHS Wrestling Manual also attempts to highlight how important “feel” is when it comes to the awarding of points.  It also offers some guidelines to assist in making determinations of whether or not control has been obtained/maintained:

The second paragraph contains a hidden gem that when applied to this scramble would have helped the official to get to what I believe would have been the correct call: ”(i)n a double leg, when the countering wrestler is seated on the mat, a takedown can be awarded as soon as this wrestler is no longer able to use the legs as a means of support”.

If you haven’t already, check out the full match.

It’s a treat. You’ll see two of the nations top young wrestlers going at it in a well officiated match at one of the top prep tournaments in the country.

I didn’t realize it at the time, but I had just set the tone for the entire evening.

For the remainder of the dual meet, every close call was questioned by each coaching staff. Loudly. Rudely. Belligerently. I spent what felt like half of the night at the scorer’s table. Bench decorum went out the window. Unsportsmanlike conduct by coaches became the default behavior. The fans, who were feeding off the behavior of their respective coaching staffs, began to get out of control.

I found myself in a terrible spiral. I’d be thinking about the last call and kick the next one. I’d be thinking about the last two calls and miss something significant in the action. I’d be thinking about the last two calls and trying to figure out what I missed and then I’d kick something else. It got to the point where I just wanted to find a whole and crawl into it.

By the time I got to the locker room after the dual, I was literally in tears.

I had spent four years working my way up to a varsity schedule. I had spent countless hours studying rules and reviewing the case book. I took great pride in my mechanics and the crispness and clarity of my signals. I always worked hard to stay in position by learning to anticipate and always hustling. I had finally arrived and this was the payoff?!?!?!

I decided then and there that I was done officiating wrestling.

Luckily, I called a good friend who also happens to officiate wrestling during my drive home. He was able to successfully talk me off the ledge.  During our discussion, I agreed to finish the season and revisit the topic in the off season after some time had past and the nerves were not so raw.

Once the season ended, I had some time to reflect on moving up to varsity and THAT meet in particular. Obviously, I was responsible for letting the meet get out of control.  I was clearly responsible for the losses of concentration. What exactly happened and how could I prevent it from happening in the future?

After some consideration, I believe the following to be my main points of failure:

• As a new varsity official, I was reluctant to some across as overbearing and allowed a coach to set the tone of the meet by not penalizing the first instance of unsportsmanlike conduct.
• As the wrestling meet continued, I compounded that first mistake by allowing the unsportsmanlike conduct to continue from both benches throughout the duration of the meet.
• Once I knew that I was having a night, I was reluctant to penalize the coaches for misconduct when they would take me to the scorer’s table.  As a result, I spent way too much time taking abuse at the table.
• Once the circus on the mat started, I allowed the spectators to get inside my head compounding an already growing problem.

After further reflection, it was clear to me that I brought the whole thing on myself. As someone who had just moved up, I was clearly looking for approval and validation that I belonged at that level. Unfortunately, I went looking for it in the worst possible place.

It sounds crazy now, but when a close call would go against a wrestler, I’d glance at that wrestler’s coach to gauge their reaction. Upon catching my glance, they would take the opportunity to let me know what they thought of each and every close call. It was a frustrating, self perpetuating cycle.

The cycle had to be broken and it was up to me to break it.

I resolved to give wrestling one more chance and ended up with a full varsity schedule the following year. I began the year with a new attitude. While I would continue to be approachable and professional, I was going to exude confidence at all times and vowed to “take care of business” each and every time when appropriate.

There would be no more free trips to the table.  Bench decorum would be observed at all times.  Unsportsmanlike conduct would be penalized without warning when it occurred. Unruly fans that interfered with the contest would be removed from the premises.

I arrived at each site with a singular purpose – call the best match possible.  Anything that got in the way or even threatened  that singular purpose would be dealt with swiftly using all of the tools provided me under NFHS wrestling rules. I vowed to simply call the match and let the chips fall where they may.

Armed with my new attitude, I proceeded to have a great season.

It was amazing to see the difference in people’s attitudes towards me after making a few simple changes. The difference was like night and day. By establishing control, not caring how my calls were received and calling a good dual; I was able to get the respect and approval that I had been seeking.

My percentile based on coaches ratings increased. My top 15 percentile increased. My assignments got better. My love of the sport of wrestling was reborn.

November 23, 2011 can’t come fast enough.

It can be difficult when moving up a level. Don’t make the same mistakes I made. Learn from them. You’ll be a better official as a result.

 
Based on the response I received from publishing my thoughts on the IHSA football exam (Part 1), I decided to do the same for the IHSA wrestling exam (Part 1).  I worked my way though the exam researching each individual question and the results of my research and notes are below.  This is intended to be a study guide rather than a cheat sheet – please use it as intended. I took my exam online yesterday and received a perfect score.

The explanations and answers provided below are mine and mine alone. This was written using the test bank questions and my rule and case books. I do not have the exam answer key and I do not know all of these answers to be correct.

If you have any questions/comments/concerns, please leave them using the comment form below.  If you’d prefer, you can also email me, tweet me or ask me on facebook.

Q1

During the first period of a match, the two wrestlers butt heads and wrestler A is obviously injured and granted an injury time-out. During the injury time-out, wrestler B’s nose starts to bleed. What is the procedure for the referee to follow?

A. both wrestlers are charged an injury time-out
B. wrestler A injury time-out is deleted
C. wrestler B is charged an injury time due to the fact that he did not bleed immediately after the injury
D. wrestler A is charged an injury time-out, but his injury time-out is stopped immediately when Wrestler B’s nose starts to bleed, and blood time is started for Wrestler B. Wrestler A is still charged with an injury time-out and any time he used prior to the blood time started for Wrestler B is recorded

Rule/case/manual reference(s): 8-2-7, 8.2.7 SITUATION A, SECTION 10-6 NOTE

The comment in 8.2.7 SITUATION A explains the rational for charging injury time to A and blood time to B.  It states, “(i)n any bleeding situation, the bleeding must be taken care of prior to either the injury or recovery clock being started. In this situation, however, because the injury came to the attention of the referee first, it would count as one of the injury time-outs as well as whatever injury time that was used prior to the bleeding being discovered.”

Q2

The first round of wrestling in a quad begins with the 120 pound weight class. The second round of wrestling should begin at what weight?

A. the 113 pound weight class
B. the 120 pound weight class
C. the 126 pound weight class
D. the 132 pound weight class

Rule/case reference(s): 1-2-2, 4-4-1

In multi-dual events, each subsequent dual shall begin one weight class beyond the starting weight class beyond the starting weight class of the previous dual. With the new NFHS weight classes, the 126 pound weight class if the next weight class beyond 120 pounds.

Q3

The referee:

A. determines the legality of all equipment including artificial limb(s) if previously approved by the state federation
B. has the sole authority for ruling on infractions/irregularities not covered by the NFHS wrestling rules
C. should always use the correct Referee Wrestling Signals as listed on the chart in the NFHS Wrestling Rules Book
D. all of the above

Rule reference(s):  3-1-2, 3-1-5, 3-1-6

The referee shall decide on the legality of all equipment, including mats, markings, uniforms and special equipment, pads and taping. He also has the sole authority for ruling on infractions or irregularities not covered within the NFHS wrestling rules.  Only authorized signals shall be used by the referee when signaling and verbally notifying the contestants and scorer when warning or awarding points to either wrestler.

Q4

Grasping one, two, or three fingers is a/an

A. technical Violation
B. illegal Hold
C. unsportsmanlike Conduct
D. legal hold

Rule reference(s): 7-1-4

While it is illegal to pull back the thumb or 1, 2 or 3 fingers of an opponent’s hand, it is not illegal to simply grasp them.

Q5

The match must be stopped for which of the following reasons;

A. warning for stalling in the neutral position
B. during a pinning situation to penalize the defensive wrestler
C. penalizing the defensive wrestler for stalling
D. applying a figure 4 to the head

Rule reference(s): 8-1-2

Since the application of a figure 4 around the head would not (likely) fall under any of the exceptions listed in 8-1-2, it appears to be the most correct answer.  I can however come up with a scenario where answer D would also be incorrect.

While technically it would be possible for the wrestlers to get themselves in such a position whereby the defensive wrestler could end up with a figure 4 around the head of the offensive wrestler while in a pinning combination, it is unlikely.  If this situation were to occur, you would allow wrestling to continue, if possible, to the conclusion of the situation and award points for both the infraction and points earned.

The best answer to this question is “applying a figure 4 to the head”.

Q6

Which three weight classes were retained under the revised weight class change?

A. 119, 125, 130
B. 145, 152, 160
C. 171, 189, 215
D. none of the above

Rule reference(s): 4-4-1

The three weight classes that were retained are as follows: 145, 152 and 160.

Q7

When is the figure 4 on the head a legal hold?

A. in a pinning situation
B. anytime by the defensive wrestler
C. from the neutral position
D. never

Rule reference(s): 7-1-5 (r)

This is one of the rule changes made by the NFHS this year.  The figure four of the head used to be a technical violation from the neutral position and otherwise legal; however, the figure four is now listed as an illegal hold in rule 7.

Q8

Which one of these holds is illegal?

A. double chicken wing
B. front headlock with the arm encircled
C. figure 4 around the head with the arm encircled
D. figure 4 around one leg

Rule reference(s): 7-1-5 (r)

A figure 4 around the head is now illegal if it is applied around the head, body, or both legs.  A figure 4 around a single leg remains legal.  Both a double chicken wing and a front headlock with an arm encircled are potentially dangerous, but are not illegal by application.

Q9

At the start of the second period, Wrestler A has his choice and elects to start on the bottom. Wrestler B then tells the official that he wishes to start in the neutral position, giving up the escape point, but now both wrestlers will start on their feet. This is:

A. legal as the offensive wrestler may use this option at any time during the match when wrestlers are starting in a referee’s position
B. illegal as the offensive wrestler may only use this option on a restart, not at the start of any regulation or overtime period
C. legal and wrestler can (only) choose optional at the beginning of each period
D. illegal as the offensive wrestler must use the optional start

Rule reference(s): 5-19-6

The offensive wrestler prior to assuming the offensive starting position may signal the referee that they wish to start from the neutral position. Once the offensive wrestler gives the signal, the defensive wrestler is awarded an escape and wrestling shall begin from the neutral position.

Q10

Wrestler A is being turned to his back (near fall imminent) when he bleeds or screams, forcing the official to stop the match. How many points has Wrestler B earned?

A. 2 NF points
B. 3 NF points
C. 4 NF points
D. no NF points; the only point B gets is 1 stoppage point

Rule reference(s): 5-11-2 (f), 9-1-5, 5.11.2 SITUATION E

When a defensive wrestler is injured or bleeding occurs in an imminent near-fall situation, the match must be stopped an a two point near fall will be awarded.

Q11

What is the number one criterion in determining which wrestler has the choice to begin the ultimate tiebreaker period?

A. first point(s) scored during regulation
B. unsportsmanlike conduct penalty
C. disk flip
D. first point scored during overtime periods

Rule reference(s): 6-7-1 (c) [6]

if the score is tied at the end of the two 30-second tiebreakers; the choice of position for the ultimate tiebreaker will be granted to the wrestler who scored the first point(s) in the regulation match (first three periods of the match); the wrestler whose opponent has received an unsportsmanlike conduct penalty at anytime during the match will have the choice of position. The unsportsmanlike conduct penalty will supersede the first points scored in the regulation match; if no points are scored in the regulation match, a flip of the disk shall determine the wrestler who has the choice (points for double-stalling or simultaneous penalties shall be considered as no points for the purpose of the tiebreaker choice);

Q12

What is the proper call when a wrestler executes a back flip from a standing position?

A. illegal maneuver
B. potentially dangerous maneuver
C. flagrant misconduct
D. technical violation

Rule reference(s): 7-1-5 (w)

A back flip from the standing position is an illegal maneuver.

Q13

In a dual meet, the referee stops the match when the wrestler on top cries out in pain. The top wrestler indicates he was bitten and shows the referee his arm with both upper and lower teeth marks visible. What is the proper procedure and ruling?

A. assess an unsportsmanlike penalty against the bottom wrestler and award the top wrestler a match point
B. charge the bottom wrestler with unnecessary roughness and penalize that wrestler one team point
C. charge the bottom wrestler with Flagrant Misconduct and award the match to the top wrestler with no other penalty assessed
D. charge the bottom wrestler with Flagrant Misconduct, award the match by disqualification to the top wrestler and deduct three team points from the team of the penalized wrestler

Rule reference(s): 5-2-1, 5-12-2 (c)

When both upper and lower tooth marks are visible, the official must assume that a bite took place.  An bite must be deemed an intentional bite and penalized as flagrant misconduct.  The penalty for flagrant misconduct is disqualification, loss of three team points, and removal from the premises.

Q14

Which of the following would not be considered a Potentially Dangerous hold?

A. chicken wing
B. head scissors with an arm
C. front Headlock
D. split scissors

Rule reference(s):  7-1-5 (e), 7-2-2 (b), 7-2-2 (d), 7-2-2 (f)

The head scissors with an arm is not potentially dangerous; it is illegal.  The three other possibilites are, in fact, potentially dangerous holds.

Q15

The top wrestler applies a cross face with unnecessary force and the referee immediately stops the match to penalize the top wrestler for Unnecessary Roughness. As a result of that cross face, the bottom wrestler bleeds from the nose profusely.

A. the bottom wrestler has two minutes of recovery time to be ready to wrestle. If he is not able to continue after two minutes, he shall be awarded the match
B. the bottom wrestler will have up to five minutes of blood time to be able to wrestle. He will be charged the blood time used. The top man will be penalized for Unnecessary Roughness. If the bottom wrestler is not able to continue after five minutes, the top (offended) wrestler will be awarded the match
C. the bottom wrestler will have up to five minutes of blood time to be able to wrestle. He will be charged the blood time used. If not able to continue, the bottom (injured) wrestler will be awarded the match
D. the top man will be penalized for Unsportsmanlike Conduct. The bottom wrestler can use his two minutes of recovery time and if more time is required, can use his available blood time.

Rule reference(s): 8-2-7

If bleeding occurs as a result of unsportsmanlike conduct, illegal holds/maneuvers or unnecessary roughness and the bleeding contestant uses 5 minutes of blood time, the injured wrestler will be the winner of the contest by default.

This answer is incomplete due to the fact that it does not include awarding the point for the unnecessary roughness.  It is, however, the most correct answer.

Q16

When signaling a caution, the correct NFHS mechanic would be to:

A. use your index finger and pinkie to signal the caution
B. use thumb and index finger to signal the caution
C. use your whole hand in the shape of a letter “C”
D. use any type of hand signal as long as it is shaped like the letter “C”

Rule reference(s): Signal Chart

The signal chart shows the proper signal when issuing a caution.  Signal 15 should be used.

Q17

In order to have a proper starting position, where should the top wrestler have his head?

A. on or above the mid-section of his opponent’s back
B. somewhere near the closest arm pit
C. directly on top of his opponent’s neck
D. anywhere on his opponent’s back, as long as it is touching his opponent’s back

Rule reference(s): 5-19-5

The offensive starting position requires the offensive wrestler’s to shall be on or above the mid-line of the opponent’s back.

Q18

All of the following are a part of the referee’s pre-meet duties except for?

A. conferring with the table help
B. identifying the Athletic Director or administrator in charge
C. conducting the coin flip and sportsmanship conference with captains and coache
D. checking all weigh-in sheets

Rule reference(s):

Q19

When a coach requests a conference at the head table, what’s the next step for the official?

A. deny a coach’s request for a conference
B. wait until the match is over to address the coach’s concern
C. at the opportune time stop the match and listen to the coach’s concern
D. when the period ends, address the concern

Rule reference(s): Points of Emphasis (p. 63)

The Coach/Referee Conference section of the points of emphasis discusses the provisions that surround rule 6-6-6.  The first point made in this section is that the match shall not be stopped during significant action.  The official will determine when an opportune time to stop the match occurs and then will stop the match and address the coach’s concern.

Q20

What is the correct starting procedure for officials to follow when setting the offensive wrestler in position?

A. give the command “set” to the defensive wrestler, then “cover” to the offensive wrestler and “set” to both wrestlers, before sounding the whistle to start wrestling
B. be certain the offensive wrestler sets his knees and feet first
C. be certain the offensive wrestler follows the sequence of putting a hand over the naval before putting the other hand over the elbow
D. give the defensive wrestler a chance to catch his breath before assuming the defensive position

Rule reference(s): 5-19-6

“The referee shall direct the offensive wrestler to assume a legal starting position once the defensive wrestler is stationary in a legal starting position. Once the offensive wrestler has assumed a legal starting position and is stationary the referee shall verbally say “set” and then pause momentarily before starting wrestling.”

Q21

Before a dual meet begins, the referee will:

A. inspect contestants for objectionable pads, improper grooming, long fingernails and skin conditions
B. be in attendance at the weigh in
C. speak to the spectators regarding sportsmanship issues
D. conduct a coaches meeting regarding points of emphasis for the match

Rule reference(s): 3-1-4 (a)

Before the dual meet begins, there are several things that the referee must do.  The first item listed is to “(i)nspect contestants for presence of oils or greasy substances on the body or uniform, rosin, objectionable pads, improper clothing, all jewelry, long fingernails, improper grooming, skin condition, health and safety measures”.

Q22

Out of bounds occurs when:

A. in the neutral position each wrestler has one foot outside the out of bounds line
B. in a near fall situation, the defensive wrestler’s shoulders/scapulae are in bounds and the offensive wrestler is out of bounds
C. one wrestler flees the wrestling area
D. one wrestler steps on the out of bounds line

Rule reference(s): 5-18

Out of bounds is occurs when a supporting point of both wrestlers is beyond the boundary line.  In the first scenario above (A) both wrestlers are out of bounds due to the fact that each wrestler has a supporting point outside the out of bounds line.

Q23

When starting from the offensive position, the offensive wrestler may do all the following except for:

A. choosing to start in the neutral position and concede a 1 point escape to the defensive wrestler
B. starting with one or both knees on the mat
C. starting with a knee down on the near side of the offensive wrestler
D. starting with one knee down and one hand on the ankle of the defensive wrestler

Rule reference(s): 5-19-5

Offensive Starting Position. The offensive starting position is one in which the wrestler is at the right or left side of an opponent with at least one knee on the mat on the near side of the opponent. The near side is the one on which the offensive wrestler places the palm of the hand on or over the back of the opponent’s near elbow. The offensive wrestler’s head shall be on or above the mid-line of the opponent’s back. The other arm (right or left) is placed loosely around the defensive wrestler’s body, perpendicular to the long axis of the body, with the palm of the hand placed loosely over the defensive wrestler’s navel. A knee or foot may be placed behind the defensive wrestler’s feet. However, the offensive wrestler is not to place a foot or a knee on the mat between the opponent’s feet or legs, nor straddle the opponent. The offensive wrestler’s legs or feet may not be in contact with the defensive wrestler.

Q24

All points, penalties or injury time that occurred during bad time shall be voided with the following exceptions:

A. flagrant misconduct, unsportsmanlike conduct, unnecessary roughness, illegal holds, and bleeding
B. technical violations
C. near fall points
D. first takedown

Rule reference(s): 5-1-3

“Any points, penalties, or injury time that occurred during bad time shall be voided with the following exceptions: flagrant misconduct, unsportsmanlike conduct, unnecessary roughness, illegal holds/maneuvers, and blood time.”

Q25

Which of the following would be considered a potentially dangerous hold?

A. the overscissors, when pressure is applied against the joint
B. back bow
C. hands in the eyes
D. any head lock with an arm or leg encircled

Rule reference(s): 7-2-2 (f)

Potentially dangerous holds/maneuvers include “a front headlock or any headlock with an arm or leg encircled”.  The other holds listed are illegal by application.

Q26

During a match the offensive wrestler loses control of the defensive wrestler in a flurry of moves. At the end of the flurry the defensive wrestler is now in a rear standing position in control but both of his feet are out of bounds and his opponent’s feet are just inside the line but not touching the line, what call should be made?

A. stop the match and reward an escape
B. stop the match and reward a reversal
C. reward a reversal
D. reward an escape

Rule reference(s): 5-22-1, 5-22-2

It is a reversal when the defensive wrestler comes from underneath and gains control of the opponent, either on the mat or in a rear-standing position, while the supporting points of either wrestler are inbounds. In awarding a reversal at the edge of the mat, control must be established while the supporting points of either wrestler are inbounds or while at least the feet of the scoring contestant finish down on the mat inbounds.

Since the feet of the opponent are in bounds and the wrestler has a rear standing position of control, a reversal shall be awarded.

Q27

The offensive wrestler has control of his opponent by applying the cross-body leg ride. He then breaks his opponent down and proceeds to apply the guillotine on the defensive wrestler to turn him to his back. As the offensive wrestler begins to turn the defensive wrestler toward his back, the offensive wrestler grabs his own hand that is encircling the head and pulls the defensive wrestler to his back to gain more leverage and meet near-fall criteria. Both shoulders come into contact with the mat for two consecutive seconds. What call should be made?

A. the criteria for a fall has been met, blow whistle and slap mat for a fall
B. check defensive wrestler for choke hold and confirm fall, then end match
C. stop match, award defensive wrestler the penalty point(s) and restart match as if out of bounds
D. stop match as potentially dangerous, award near-fall points and restart as if out of bounds

Rule reference(s): 7-1-5 (d)

Illegal holds include any headlock in which the arms or hands are locked around the opponent’s head without encircling an arm (elbow or above) or leg (except in the guillotine after near-fall criteria has been met or 3/4 Nelson).

Since near-fall criteria had not been met prior to the application of the headlock without an arm, the hold was illegal.  The match must be stopped, a penalty point must be awarded to the defensive wrestler and the match must be restarted as if the wrestlers went out of bounds.

Q28

Flagrant misconduct can involve acts before, during or after a match. Which of the following is not considered to be flagrant misconduct?

A. biting
B. striking an opponent
C. any action deemed by the official to be flagrant
D. a front headlock

Rule reference(s): 7-4-3

Flagrant misconduct involves physical or nonphysical acts and they can occur before, during or after a match and is any act considered by the referee to be serious enough to disqualify a contestant from the match and any additional wrestling in the multiple school event. It is not limited to striking, butting, elbowing, kicking, biting an opponent, or using any tobacco products.

Q29

In a pinning situation, what supporting parts of the defensive wrestler must be inbounds for a fall to occur?

A. the feet
B. portions of both scapula or both shoulders
C. the knees
D. the hips

Rule reference(s): 5-15-2 (b)

“When the defensive wrestler is on his/her back while the supporting parts of either wrestler are inbounds, wrestling shall continue as long as there is a possibility of the offensive wrestler bringing the opponent back into the inbounds area. In this situation any part of a defensive wrestler’s shoulder or scapula is considered to be the supporting parts.”

Q30

What is the proper penalty for a coach’s misconduct during a match?

A. penalize 1 team point on the first offense and remove on the second offense
B. warn on the first offense and penalize 2 team points on the second offense
C. warn the head coach on the first offense and penalize 2 team points on the third offense
D. penalize 3 team points on the second offense and remove from premises

Rule reference(s):  PENALTY CHART

When a coach commits misconduct during a match, the official shall warn the coach for a first offense.  On the second offense, the coach will have one team point deducted.  On a third offense, the coach will have 2 team points deducted and he will be removed from the premises immediately.

Q31

When penalizing the offensive wrestler for stalling, the match will be stopped:

A. when the defensive wrestler is down on the mat
B. when only the offensive wrestler is down on the mat
C. when both wrestlers are standing on the mat
D. when the period ends

Rule reference(s): 8-1-2 (c)

The only time the match will not be stopped when penalizing the offensive wrestler is when the defensive wrestler is on his feet.  Since in option A the defensive wrestler is down on the mat, the match will be stopped when penalizing the offensive wrestler for stalling.

Q32

The correct call for a wrestler reporting to the mat not properly equipped and ready to wrestle is:

A. deduction of 1 team point and use of injury time until corrected
B. warning for stalling
C. technical violation and use of injury time until corrected
D. unsportsmanlike conduct and 1 match point for his opponent

Rule reference(s): 8-1-1

Any contestant reporting to the scorer’s table to wrestle with greasy substance on the body or uniform, improper grooming, objectionable pads and braces, illegal equipment, illegal uniform or any equipment that is detected as being illegal after the match has started shall be disqualified if not removed or corrected within the 1 1/2-minute injury time. Reporting to the scorer’s table, not properly equipped or not ready to wrestle is a technical violation.

Q33

During a triple dual, (after the weigh-in drawing), what could be a proper sequence of starting weight classes for each round?

A. 106 lbs., 113 lbs., and 126 lbs
B. 152 lbs., 170 lbs., and 195 lbs
C. 285 lbs., 106 lbs., and 113 lbs
D. 113 lbs., and draw weights for the next 2 rounds

Rule reference(s): 1-2-2, 4-4-1

In multi-dual events, each subsequent dual shall begin one weight class beyond the starting weight class beyond the starting weight class of the previous dual. If the first dual were to start with 285, the subsequent duals would start at 106 and 113.

Q34

The wrestler will be charged with a technical violation when:

A. near-fall points have been earned and the defensive wrestler goes out of bounds
B. a figure 4 is applied in a pinning combination
C. grabbing a wrestler’s singlet to secure a take down
D. biting his opponent

Rule reference(s): 5-27-1 (b)

Grasping of clothing, mat or ear guards is one of the remaining technical violations.

Q35

When a spectator acts in an unsportsmanlike manner that disrupts the match, the referee shall:

A. penalize the home team
B. have the home team management remove the spectator
C. have his assistant referee remove the spectator
D. there is nothing you can do, they paid to get in

Rule reference(s): 5-30-3

Spectators. Any act (physical or non-physical), which in the opinion of the referee, is serious enough to warrant removal, shall cause the spectator to be removed from the premises for the remainder of the event.

Q36

During tournament competition, coaches are allowed to:

A. stand in the restricted zone
B. sit in chairs in the properly marked restricted zone
C. kneel in the restricted zone
D. coach from mat side

Rule reference(s): 2-2-2

During tournament competition, a maximum of two team personnel (coaches and/or non-participating contestants) will be permitted on chairs at the edge of the mat. It is permissible to allow coaches on the corner of the mat in a restricted zone. In tournaments where coaches are permitted on the corner of the mat, the restricted zone shall be defined by either a contrasting line marked on the mat with paint or tape or a contrasting colored surface under the chairs. The restricted zone shall be no closer than 5 feet to the edge of the circle. Coaches shall be seated at least 10 feet from the scorer’s table, where facilities permit.

Q37

The thumb can be used by the official when signaling point(s):

A. for awarding an escape
B. for awarding a penalty point
C. for indicating a 3-point near fall
D. never

Rule reference(s): 3-1-6

Only authorized signals shall be used by the referee when signaling and verbally notifying the contestants and scorer when warning or awarding points to either wrestler. The thumb is not to be used when signaling point(s), only fingers.

Q38

Who determines how the teams will weigh-in for tournaments?

A. the Head Official
B. majority vote of coaches
C. tournament administrator
D. random draw

Rule reference(s): 4.5.3 SITUATION B COMMENT

For a tournament, weigh-ins begin at 8:00 a.m. There are 16 teams competing and meet administration informs the head coaches that weigh-ins will proceed by (a) team(s); or (b) by weight class. Would meet administration be following proper weigh-in procedure? RULING: Yes in (a) and (b). Tournament weigh-in may proceed by team(s) with the lowest weight class to the highest and end immediately upon the completion of the highest weight class. COMMENT: It is up to meet administration to choose the method for tournament weigh-ins. It is appropriate to weigh-in contestants by weight class or team(s) for tournament competition.

Q39

When down on the mat, the usual points of support are:

A. the feet
B. the front of the thigh
C. one knee
D. the buttocks or both knees

Rule reference(s): 5-15-2 (a)

When down on the mat, the usual points of support are the knees, the side of the thigh, the buttocks & the hand(s).

Q40

Which is not an illegal hold?

A. neck wrench
B. figure 4 around one leg
C. back bow
D. front quarter nelson with the chin

Rule reference(s): 7-1-5 (r)

It is illegal to apply a figure 4 around the body, the head or both legs.  The remaining choices are all illegal holds.

Q41

In a dual meet a fall is worth how many team points?

A. 2
B. 4
C. 5
D. 6

Rule reference(s): 9-1-7 Summary of Scoring

In a dual meet, a fall, forfeit, default and disqualification are all worth 6 points.

Q42

Wrestler A locks his hands around Wrestler B’s waist while Wrestler A is in a controlling position down on the mat. The referee signals locked hands. When Wrestler A notices that the official has signaled locked hands, he unlocks them. However, when Wrestler B attempts to sit-out, Wrestler A locks his hands again. When action is stopped what is the correct call?

A. one point Technical Violation
B. two technical violation points
C. one point technical violation and warning for stalling
D. immediate disqualification

Rule reference(s):  5-27-1 (c)

Since there were two distinct violations of rule 5-27-1, both should be penalized.  Two technical violation points should be awarded to the offended wrestler.

Q43

During tournament competition the Assistant Coach for Wrestler A believes that his wrestler should have been awarded a takedown at the edge and leaves his chair screaming at the official that his wrestler had both toes in and should have been awarded the takedown. What is the proper procedure?

A. coach misconduct warning
B. coach misconduct penalty
C. unsportsmanlike conduct penalty on the Head coach with loss of one team point
D. unsportsmanlike conduct penalty on the Assistant coach with loss of one team point

Rule reference(s): 5-30-1, 7-5-2

This is a violation of the bench decorum rule.  Coaches may not leave their bench/chairs while the clock is running or during normal out of bounds situations.  They may only move towards the mat during charged time out situations or at the end of the match.

Q44

The bottom wrestler attempts a switch and is able to face his opponent, pick up both of his legs and lift him into the air just as the clock sounds ending the period. You make the call:

A. one point escape
B. no scoring change
C. two point reversal
D. potentially dangerous

Rule reference(s): 5.10 SITUATION D

In this situation, it appears during an attempted reversal that control was lost and no reversal actually occurred before the buzzer.  Under that scenario, the bottom wrestler should be awarded an escape point.  This situation is similar to the situation described in the case book (5.10 SITUATION D).

Q45

A match is from the start of the first period until:

A. the conclusion of wrestling
B. the buzzer sounds to end the third period
C. 30 min after wrestlers leave the mat
D. the wrestlers leave the mat area

Rule reference(s): 5-17-2

A match begins when the proper wrestler reports to the scorer’s table in dual matches and tournaments until the conclusion of wrestling. The conclusion of wrestling occurs when the time expires at the end of the third period, when the overtime ends, or when a fall, technical fall, disqualification or a default or forfeit occurs.

As you can see after reading the text of 5-17-2, the first part of this question is factually incorrect as a match does not begin at the start of the first period. Fortunately, that is not the knowledge being tested via this question and that inaccuracy can be ignored.

Q46

Biting is an act of:

A. unsportsmanlike conduct
B. unnecessary roughness
C. technical violation
D. flagrant misconduct

Rule reference(s): 5-2-1, 5-12-2 (c)

Any time the referee believes that a wrestler has bitten another wrestler, that biting must be deemed intentional and called as flagrant misconduct.

Q47

The mat area includes the wrestling area and:

A. a space of at least 10 ft. surrounding it
B. the 5 ft. safety mats only
C. the scorer’s table only
D. both team benches only

Rule reference(s): 2-1-5

The mat area includes the wrestling mat and a space of at least 10 feet surrounding the mat, as well as the team benches and scorer’s table where facilities permit. The team bench in dual meets should be at least 10 feet from the wrestling mat and 10 feet from the scorer’s table. The diagrams below are a suggested configuration.

Q48

Leaving the wrestling area without receiving permission is:

A. a delay of match
B. unsportsmanlike conduct
C. a warning for stalling
D. a technical violation

Rule reference(s): 5-27-1 (d)

One of the five remaining technical violations is leaving the wrestling area without the referee’s permission.

Q49

The first offense for unsportsmanlike conduct by a wrestler prior to the start of the match or after the conclusion of wrestling is:

A. deduction of 1 team point
B. deduction of 2 team points
C. deduction of 3 team points
D. deduction of 2 team points and removal from premises

Rule reference(s): 5-30-2, PENALTY CHART

When an act of unsportsmanlike conduct by a contestant occurs outside of a match (from when the first wrestler properly reports to the conclusion of wrestling), they are penalized one team point without warning.  A second act of unsportsmanlike conduct by the same contestant results in a two point team deduction and immediate removal from the premises.

Q50

Full length tights are:

A. required
B. allowed without stirrups but require a medical release
C. allowed with stirrups under a one piece uniform
D. not allowed

Rule reference(s): 4-1-1

Full-length tights with stirrups are acceptable under a one piece uniform. Any other undergarment that extends beyond the inseam of a one-piece uniform shall be a tight-fitting, single solid color, unadorned and shall not extend below the knee.

Q51

When making an out-of-bounds call, what sequence should the referee use?

A. sound whistle, signal points, give hand signal to stop match, signal out-of-bounds
B. signal points, sound whistle, give hand signal to stop match, signal out-of-bounds
C. give hand signal to stop match, signal points, sound whistle, signal out-of-bounds
D. signal points, give hand signal to stop match, sound whistle, signal out-of-bounds

Rules reference(s): 3-1-7

The sequence that should be used for an out of bounds call, while more a mechanic than a rule, is covered in the NFHS rule book. The rule book states, “when possible the referee should award points on the edge of the mat calls before blowing the whistle, and giving the hand signal for stopping the match and out of bounds.

The explanations and answers provided below are mine and mine alone. This was written using the test bank questions and my rule and case books. I do not have the exam answer key and I do not know all of these answers to be correct. I do know at least 25 of them are correct as I scored 25/25 on my exam.

If you have any questions/comments/concerns, please leave them using the comment form below.  If you’d prefer, you can also email me, tweet me or ask me on facebook.

Q1

A varsity game is tied at the end of regulation. Team A used all 3 timeouts during the second half while Team B used no time outs during the second half. Which of the following statements is correct regarding the number of timeouts each team has as the game moves to the first overtime period?

A. team A has no time outs and team B has 3 time outs.
B. team A has 1 timeout and team B has 4 time outs.
C. team A has 1 timeout and team B has 1 time out.
D. team A has 3 timeouts and team B has 6 time outs.

Rule 3-5-1 (p. 42) discusses charged time outs and when they can be used.  It states that unused timeouts cannot be carried over.  Unused first half timeouts cannot be used in the second half and unused second half time outs can not be used in overtime.  Whether or not a team used its allotted second half time outs is of no consequence.

So how many timeouts does each team get?

The note in Rule 3-1-1 (p. 38) tells us to look in the supplementary section of the rule book for an example of an overtime procedure (which is used by the IHSA).  On page 91 of the supplementary section, begins a section on resolving tied games.  Under the listing for 3-5-1 the section states, “each team shall be permitted one time-out during each overtime period (a series for A and a series for B)”.

Answer C. team A has 1 timeout and team B has 1 time out.

Q2

Player B27 intercepts a ball in his own end zone. While attempting to run the ball out, he is hit from behind and fumbles while still in the end zone. The ball is fumbled forward and rolls out of bounds at Team B’s 2-yard line. The correct call is:

A. safety; award Team A two points
B. touchback; 1st and 10 for Team B at the 20-yard line
C. award possession to Team A; first and goal for Team A at the 2-yard line
D. 1st and 10 for Team B at the 2-yard line

First we should determine the dead ball spot and the team in possession at the end of the down.

The dead ball spot is clearly team B’s 2-yard line.  The fact that the fumble was forward could not matter less.  When trying to determine who was in possession at the end of the down it is important to remember that once B27 has possession of this ball with clean hands, they will retain possession (barring another change of possession).

Since we have a dead ball spot at B’s 2-yard line, we cannot have a safety (Rule 8-5-2 [p. 66-67]) or a touchback (Rule 8-5-3 [p. 67]). We’ve also determined that B had possession at the end of the down, so there is no reason to award the ball to team A. The correct answer is 1st and 10 for team B at the 2-yard line.

Answer D. 1st and 10 for Team B at the 2-yard line

Q3

Team A is attempting a screen pass where A25 will catch the ball five yards behind the line of scrimmage. As A25 is preparing to catch the pass in flight, he is knocked down by defender B40 and the forward pass falls incomplete. The correct call is:

A. nothing; legal play by B40 and pass is incomplete
B. defensive pass interference by B40; penalize 15 yards from the previous spot and award a first down
C. defensive holding by B40; penalize 5 yards from the previous spot and award an automatic first down
D. defensive holding by B40; penalize 10 yards from the previous spot and award a first down

In this case, the most important piece of information is that the forward pass was being thrown to a spot behind the line of scrimmage (LOS). According to Rule 7-5-7 (p. 61), pass interference restrictions apply only beyond the neutral zone and only if the legal forward pass, untouched by B in or behind the neutral zone, crosses the neutral zone; we cannot have defensive pass interference by B40.

In addition to 7-5-7, this concept is mentioned in the Football Fundamentals section of the rule book (p. 81). It states, “a forward-pass interference foul can occur only beyond the neutral zone”.

Furthermore, based on the description B40 did not commit a defensive holding infraction. Nor did he commit any other personal contact foul.

This is a legal play by B40. The pass is simply incomplete.

Answer A. nothing; legal play by B40 and pass is incomplete

Q4

Team K’s punt is blocked on fourth down with the game clock running. K87 picks up the ball behind the line of scrimmage and advances it 20 yards for a first down. The clock should next start on the:

A. ready for play signal.
B. snap.
C. none of the above.

Since the kick was legal and A was awarded a first down, the clock will start at the snap.

Answer B. Snap

Q5

Team A is leading late in the game with the game clock running. While they are attempting to snap the ball, a delay of game foul is called. After the accepted penalty, the clock should start on the:

A. ready for play signal, since the clock was running before the foul
B. ready for play signal, with no exception
C. snap, only if the officials believe that Team A was trying to run time off the clock
D. snap, with no exception

Rule 3-4-3 (p. 42) discusses when the clock should be started with the snap. 3-4-3 (i) states that the clock should be started with the snap if the penalty for a delay of game foul is accepted. Since the penalty was accepted in play in question, the clock should start with the snap with no exception.

Answer D. snap, with no exception

Q6

First and goal for Team A on the 5-yard line. Defender B70 comes on to the field to replace B12. However, B12 realizes that he can’t get to his sideline before the snap, so he exits the field through the end line of the end zone and is moving toward his team box out of bounds when the ball is snapped. The correct call is:

A. foul for illegal substitution; this is a live ball foul and the play should be allowed to continue
B. foul for illegal substitution; this is a dead ball foul as soon as B12 crosses the end line
C. legal play as B12 left the field and was moving toward his team box
D. none of the above

Rule 3-7-2 (p. 45) states that “a player, replaced player or a substitute is required to leave the field at the side on which his team box is located and go directly to his team box”.  The penalty prescribed for article 2 is a dead ball illegal substitution foul.

Answer B. foul for illegal substitution; this is a dead ball foul as soon as B12 crosses the end line

Q7

Runner A20 is tackled for a five yard gain on a play where B99 commits a personal foul 15 yards beyond the neutral zone. The correct penalty enforcement is:

A. penalize from the basic spot; in this case, it is the spot where the personal foul was committed.
B. penalize from the basic spot; in this case, it is from the end of the run.
C. Team A gets the option of enforcing the penalty from the end of run or the spot of the foul.
D. penalize 15 yards from the previous spot.

This question is testing your knowledge of penalty enforcements.

Since the foul on this play does not require special enforcement (Rule 10-5) nor does it require all-but-one enforcement (Rule 10-6), we must determine the basic spot prior to enforcing the penalty.  The basic spot is determined by the action that occurred during the down. Since this is a running play as defined in Rule 10-3-2 (p. 76), the basic spot is the end of the run according to Rule 10-4-4 (p. 76).

Answer B. penalize from the basic spot; in this case, it is from the end of the run.

Q8

The game is tied and after the last play of the fourth quarter, defender B50 is flagged for a late hit. Team A wins the toss in overtime and elects to go on defense first. Team B will begin overtime:

A. 1st and goal from the 10-yard line; fouls can never carry over from regulation to overtime.
B. 1st and goal from the 25-yard line; dead ball fouls can carry over from regulation to overtime.
C. the officials made an error; Team A should have been given one untimed down in regulation due to Team B’s foul
D. there is no penalty as time has expired

In the resolving tied games section of the NFHS rulebook (p. 88), this exact scenario is covered.

3.1.1 SITUATION B: During the last timed down of the fourth period A1 advances for a touchdown making the score B-22 and A-20. On the try A2 passes complete to A3 in the end zone. Following the try B1 commits an unsportsmanlike foul. Ruling: The penalty for the foul by B1 after the successful try will be administered from the succeeding spot to begin overtime play. Comment: In this situation the referee should explain to the captains at the time of the coin toss the fact the penalty will be administered on the first series of downs in the overtime. The place from which the ball will be put in play for each team could have an effect on the choice made by the winner of the toss.

Since B will be on offence first in overtime, the penalty will be enforced from the 10-yard line and take the ball to the 25-yard line.  It will be first and goal.

Answer B. 1st and goal from the 25-yard line; dead ball fouls can carry over from regulation to overtime.

Q9

1st and 10 for Team A at their own 20-yard line and Team A drops back to pass and throws. Offensive lineman A65 is flagged for holding 8 yards behind the line of scrimmage at the 12-yard line while the ball is in the air. If the penalty is accepted, what is the correct enforcement?

A. penalize 10 yards from the 20-yard line; 1st and 20 from the 10-yard line
B. penalize half the distance from the 12-yard line; 1st and 24 from the 6-yard line
C. the defense gets the option of having the penalty enforced from the previous spot or the spot of the foul
D. none of the above

According to the all-but-0ne principle detailed in Rule 10-6 (p. 77), fouls by the offensive team behind the basic spot during a loose ball or running play will be enforced from the spot of the foul.  Since the foul occurred at the 12-yard line, the penalty will be enforced from that spot.

Since penalty enforcement cannot take the ball more than half the distance from the enforcement spot to the offending team’s goal line [Rule 10-1-5 (p. 74)], the ball will be moved 6 yards to the 6-yard line.  The down will be replayed and the line to gain will remain the 30, so we have 1st and 24 from the 6-yard line.

Answer B. penalize half the distance from the 12-yard line; 1st and 24 from the 6-yard line

Q10

Team K’s scrimmage kick is rolling inside the 10-yard line. A member of Team K is standing in the end zone and bats the ball back into the field of play (the ball never breaks the plane of the goal line) where it comes to rest at the 3-yard line. The correct ruling on this play is:

A. touchback
B. legal play; Team R will have the ball 1st and 10 at the 3-yard line
C. foul for an illegal bat; the basic spot for this foul is the 20-yard line; 1st and 10 for Team R at the 35-yard line
D. foul for an illegal bat; the basic spot for this foul is the goal line; 1st and 10 for Team R at the 15-yard line

Since the scrimmage kick has been grounded, the answer to this question would be the same regardless of whether or not the kick was a scoring attempt.  The positioning of the K player has no bearing on whether a touchback occurs on this play.  Rule 6-3-1 (a) (p. 54) states the following:

It is a touchback if any free kick or scrimmage kick  Which is not a scoring attempt or which is a grounded three-point fieldgoal attempt, breaks the plane of R’s goal line, unless R chooses a spot of first touching by K.

Since the ball never broke the plane of R’s goal line, a touchback did not occur.

The only other item to consider in this play is whether or not the bat by K was legal.  Rule 9-7-2′s EXCEPTION (p. 72) states that “a K player may bat toward his own goal line a grounded scrimmage kick which is beyond the neutral zone and may also bat toward his own goal line a scrimmage kick in flight beyond the neutral zone, if no R player is in position to catch the ball”.

The bat by K of the grounded scrimmage kick was legal.

Answer B. legal play; Team R will have the ball 1st and 10 at the 3-yard line

Q11

The tooth and mouth protector shall be any readily visible color except:

A. pink
B. black
C. completely white or clear
D. red

Rule 1-5-1 (p. 17-20) discusses mandatory player equipment.  According to rule 1-5-1 (c) [5] (c) [1,2] the tooth and mouth protector shall not be completely white or completely clear.

Answer C. completely white or clear

Q12

The helmet must be secured by a properly fastened chin strap with at least how many attachment points?

A. 2
B. 3
C. 4
D. 5

Rule 1-5-1 (a) [2] (p. 19) discusses the securing of the helmet.  It states that the helmet shall be secured by a properly fastened chin strap with at least four attachment points.

Answer C. 4

Q13

An illegal fair-catch signal is any signal by a runner:

A. after the kick has touched the ground.
B. after the kick has been caught or recovered.
C. prior to the ball being kicked.
D. while the kick is in flight.

Rule 2-9 (p. 27) discusses the various aspects of a fair catch.  2-9-5 details the circumstances under which a runner can give an illegal fair catch signal.  An illegal fair catch signal by the runner is any signal that is given after the kick has been caught or recovered.

Answer B. after the kick has been caught or recovered.

Q14

At the time of the snap a defensive player is considered on his line of scrimmage when he is within:

A. 1 foot of the line of scrimmage.
B. 2 feet of the line of scrimmage.
C. 1 yard of the line of scrimmage.
D. 2 yards of the line of scrimmage.

Rule 2-25 (p. 32) discusses the line of scrimmage.  2-25-3 specifically addresses defensive players on the line of scrimmage by stating, “a defensive player is on the line of scrimmage when he is within 1 yard of his scrimmage line at the snap”.

Answer C. 1 yard of the line of scrimmage.

Q15

Once the referee signals the ball ready for play, the ball must be snapped or a free kick must take place within:

A. 20 seconds
B. 25 seconds
C. 30 seconds
D. 40 seconds

Rule 3-6-2 (p. 45) discusses delay of game, which can be described as action or inaction that prevents promptness in putting the ball in play.  The rule goes on to discuss six separate actions or inactions that constitue delay of game (a-f). According to 3-5-2 (a), the failure to snap or free kick within 25 seconds after the ball is marked ready for play constitues delay of game.

Answer B. 25 seconds

Q16

Player R1 muffs a scrimmage kick at the 40-yard line after making a valid fair-catch signal. The kick is near the sideline where K1 attempts to recover, but he muffs it and it goes out of bounds at the 35-yard line. The correct call is:

A. awarded a fair catch; R’s ball at the 40-yard line
B. K was last to touch the ball; K’s ball at the 35-yard line
C. R’s ball at the 35-yard line
D. since no one possessed the ball after the kick, R may choose an awarded fair catch at the 40, or choose to have K rekick

Rule 6-2-7 (p. 54) states that  when any scrimmage kick is out of bounds between the goal lines while no player is in possession the ball is awarded to R.  The rule goes on to state that Following an out-of-bounds kick, the ball is put in play at the inbounds spot unless R chooses a spot of first touching.

There is no spot of first touching by K on this play since R was the first to touch the scrimmage kick. On this play the ball will be placed at the inbounds spot which is the 35-yard line.

Answer C. R’s ball at the 35-yard line

Q17

Third and 10 for A from B’s 40-yard line. Player A1 gains 10 yards and is downed on B’s 30. A2 taunts B1 during the run at the 35-yard line. After the penalty is enforced the situation is:

A. A’s ball, 1st and 15 from B’s 45-yard line
B. A’s ball, 2nd and 15 from B’s 45-yard line
C. A’s ball, 1st and 10 from B’s 45-yard line
D. A’s ball, 1st and 20 from the 50-yard line

Another penalty enforcement related question.

This one not only tests your knowledge of determining the basic spot, but also tests your knowledge regarding when a new series is awarded.

The taunting foul is considered non-contact unsportsmanlike conduct (USC) by a player according to Rule 9-5-1 (a) (p. 70). Rule 10-4-5 (a) (p. 76) tells us that the basic spot on USC foul is always the succeeding spot. Since the succeeding spot was B’s 30, the 15 yard penalty for USC will be enforced from that spot.

We’ve determined that A will have the ball on B’s 45 yard line, but has A earned a new series?

5.1.2 SITUATION C in the case book addresses a similar play:

Third and 10 for A from B’s 40-yard line. A1 gains 10 yards and is downed on B’s 30. A2 taunts B1 during the run. RULING: Since the liveball action gave A a new series, the line to gain shall be established after A is penalized for A2’s unsportsmanlike act. It will be first and 10 for A from B’s 45-yard line.

In this play, the live ball action gave A a new series.  It will be A’s ball 1st and 10 from B’s 45-yard line.

Answer C. A’s ball, 1st and 10 from B’s 45-yard line

Q18

After the halftime intermission expires, when must the referee start the three-minute mandatory warm-up period?

A. once either team has returned to the field
B. once both teams have returned to the field
C. immediately
D. once either team has started warm-up exercises

While some will debate whether or not this was a rule change or a clarification, the NFHS considers it a 2009 rule change. The change mandated that the clock be started immediately at the conclusion of the half time period.

The mandatory three-minute warm-up period begins immediately following the conclusion of the halftime intermission. The head coach of each team is responsible for his team being on the field for the warm-up period.

The change was to the table in Rule 3-1 (p. 39).

Answer C. immediately

Q19

A period must be extended by an untimed down if, during the last timed down:

A. Team A’s penalty for pass interference was accepted
B. the only penalty during the down was declined
C. the visiting coach’s unsportsmanlike foul was accepted
D. an inadvertent whistle was sounded

Rule 3-3-3 (p. 41) states when a period must be extended by an untimed down.  3-3-3 (c) states that the period must be extended if there was an inadvertent whistle.

Answer D. an inadvertent whistle was sounded

Q20

If a team elects to replay a down following an inadvertent whistle, it must do so from the:

A. inbounds spot if the play ended in a side zone
B. dead-ball spot if the ball became dead between the inbounds lines
C. previous spot
D. result of the play, ignoring the inadvertent whistle

The answer to this question seems self evident on its face. If a team is going to replay a down, one would assume they must do so from the previous spot. That said, it came as a surprise to me that I couldn’t find any backing in the rule book for this common sense ruling.

Since the rule book was silent on the issue, I dove into the case book. Case 3-3-3 SITUATION C (p. 20), when discussing the ruling of a play with an inadvertent whistle, states… “the period shall be extended for an untimed down and A may put the ball in play where it lost possession or it may choose to replay the down from the previous spot”.

Answer C. previous spot

Q21

With 4th and 4 from the 50-yard line, Player A1 runs to B’s 40 and throws an incomplete forward pass. If B accepts the penalty for the illegal forward pass, the situation is:

A. B’s ball, 1st and 10 from the 50-yard line
B. B’s ball, 1st and 10 from B’s 40-yard line
C. A’s ball, 1st and 10 from B’s 40-yard line
D. A’s ball, 1st and 10 from B’s 45-yard line

The enforcement spot for an illegal forward pass is the spot from which the pass is thrown according to Rule 7-5-3 (p. 60). The enforcement spot is B’s 40-yard line so the five yard penalty will result in the ball being placed on B’s 45 yard line. At this point we can deduce that D is the answer since it if the only answer that has the ball place on the correct yard line.

Since the ball is beyond the line to gain (LTG) at the end of the down, A is awarded a new series.

It is important to remember that a loss of down is the loss of the right to replay a down.  The loss of down provision has no significance if the line to gain is reached after enforcement.

Answer D. A’s ball, 1st and 10 from B’s 45-yard line

Q22

Team K punts on 4th and 8 from its 30-yard line. K1 attempts to down the kick, but his touching at R’s 32 only slows the ball down. The ball is then picked up by R1 who advances to R’s 45-yard line where he fumbles and K2 recovers and is immediately downed. The correct ruling is:

A. K’s ball, 1st and 10 from R’s 45.
B. R’s ball, 1st and 10 from R’s 32.
C. K’s ball, 1st and 10 from the previous spot.
D. R’s ball, 1st and 10 from R’s 45.

Rule 6-2-5 (p. 54) discusses first touching of the kick by K.  The rule states the following:

When any K player touches a scrimmage kick beyond the expanded neutral zone to R’s goal line before it is touched beyond the neutral zone by R and before the ball has come to rest, it is referred to as “first touching of the kick” and the place is the “spot of first touching.” Such touching is ignored if it is caused by R pushing or blocking K into contact with the ball.

If any K player touches a scrimmage kick in this manner, R may take the ball at the spot of first touching, or any spot if there is more than one spot of first touching, or they may choose to have the ball put in play as determined by the action which follows first touching. The right of R to take the ball at spot of first touching by K is canceled if R touches the kick and thereafter during the down commits a foul or if the penalty is accepted for any foul committed during the down.

Under this scenario, K touched the scrimmage kick beyond the expanded neutral zone so first touching of the kick occurred and a spot of first touching at R’s 32 yard line has been established. Since R did not commit a foul after touching the kick and no penalty was accepted for a foul that occurred during the down, R retains the right to take the ball at the spot of first touching or they may elect to put the ball in play as a determined by the action following the first touching.

Since K does have the option to take the ball at the spot or first touching or to put the ball in play as determined by the action following the first touching, I would argue that both A (K’s ball, 1st and 10 from R’s 45) and B (R’s ball, 1st and 10 from R’s 32) are correct rulings depending on the election made by R.

While it is highly unlikely that R would elect to put the ball play as determined by the action following the first touching (thereby giving the ball back to K), they would be well within their right to do so.

When a question has two “technically” correct answers, one must attempt to discern what knowledge the test creator(s) are trying to measure.  It is my belief that the creator(s) are trying to ensure that officials know that the right of R to take the ball at the spot of first touching, barring the previous exemptions, is absolute.

Therefore, the most correct answer has to be R’s ball, 1st and 10 from R’s 32.

Answer B. R’s ball, 1st and 10 from R’s 32.

Q23

Regarding scrimmage kicks, which of the following statements is false?

A. a kick recovered beyond the neutral zone may only be advanced by Team R
B. a kick recovered in or behind the neutral zone may be advanced by either team
C. a kick not recovered by either team belongs to Team K
D. a kick jointly recovered by R and K belongs to R

Rule 6-2-2 (p. 53) states that any receiver may catch or recover a scrimmage kick in the field of play and advance, unless it is during a try, or unless any R player has given a valid or invalid fair catch signal.  Therefore, A appears to be true.

Rule 6-2-2 (p. 53) combined with Rule 6-2-3 (p. 53) which states that “any K player may catch or recover a scrimmage kick while it is in or behind the neutral zone and advance, unless it is during a try” indicate that B would also be true.

Rule 6-2-7 (p. 54) states that any scrimmage kick that is inbounds anywhere where players are in joint possession is awarded to R.  D is also true.  Further reading of 6-2-7 shows that C is false.  Any ball that becomes dead inbounds between the goal lines with no player in possession is awarded to R.

Answer C. a kick not recovered by either team belongs to Team K

Q24

It is forward pass interference if:

A. contact by Team B is obviously away from the direction of the legal forward pass
B. unavoidable contact occurs when two or more eligible receivers are making a simultaneous, bona fide attempt to move towards, catch, or bat the pass
C. contact by Team A is immediately made on a Team B lineman and the contact does not continue beyond the expanded neutral zone
D. any player hinders an opponent’s vision without making an attempt to catch, intercept or bat the ball, even though no contact was made

Rule 7-5-10 (p. 61) defines forward pass interference.  7-5-10 (b) states:

It is forward-pass interference if  any player hinders an opponent’s vision without making an attempt to catch, intercept or bat the ball, even though no contact was made.

Answer D. any player hinders an opponent’s vision without making an attempt to catch, intercept or bat the ball, even though no contact was made

Q25

A simultaneous catch of a forward pass occurs when:

A. the players’ contact with the ground is simultaneous
B. opposing players have simultaneous joint possession
C. Player B83 strips possession of the ball from A88 following a forward pass
D. Player A81 catches the ball inbounds at the same time as B89, who is standing on the sideline

Rule 2-4-3 addresses what constitutes a simultaneous catch.

A simultaneous catch or recovery is a catch or recovery in which there is joint possession of a live ball by opposing players who are inbounds.

Answer B. opposing players have simultaneous joint possession

Q26

Quarterback A1 drops back to pass, but is unable to find a receiver. It is legal for A1 to:

A. throw the ball to the ground at the feet of an oncoming defensive lineman
B. throw a backward pass out-of-bounds
C. throw a forward pass over the head of onrushing defensive lineman with no eligible receivers nearby
D. throw the ball away as long as he is outside either offensive tackle

There are no restrictions on a backward pass.  All of the others are specifically prohibited in Rule 7-5-2 (p. 59).

Answer B. throw a backward pass out-of-bounds

Q27

Which of the following is not a multiple foul?

A. A33 is moving forward at the snap and A81 pushes off while running his pass route
B. B60 head slaps A50 and B24 tackles A22 by his facemask
C. A50 holds on a TD run by A21, then, the coach for team A gets an unsportsmanlike penalty
D. A62 holds B50, A62 then blocks B60 below the waist

Rule 2-16-2 (e) (p. 29) defines a multiple foul:

Multiple—two or more live-ball fouls (other than nonplayer or unsportsmanlike) are committed during the same down by the same team at such a time that the offended team is permitted a choice of penalties.

The only option that does not fall under that definition is answer C which is one live ball foul and one non-player unsportsmanlike conduct foul.

Answer C. A50 holds on a TD run by A21, then, the coach for team A gets an unsportsmanlike penalty

Q28

Any questions regarding legality of a player’s equipment shall be resolved by:

A. the Head Coach
B. the Referee
C. the Umpire
D. all officials on the crew are equally responsible

Rule 1-5-4 (p. 22) discusses the procedure for verifying that players are properly equipped and in compliance with the rules and addresses the procedure for resolving questions of legality by the officiating crew.  The rule says “any questions regarding legality of a player’s equipment shall be resolved by the umpire”.

Answer C. the Umpire

Q29

Team boxes shall be marked on each side of the field outside the coaches’ area between:

A. the 20 yard lines.
B. the 25 yard lines.
C. the 30 yard lines.
D. the 35 yard lines.

Rule 1-2-3 (p. 12-13) discusses lines and other markings on the football field.  1-2-3 (g) discusses the team boxes specifically and states, “team boxes shall be marked on each side of the field outside the coaches’ area between the 25 yard lines for use by coaches, substitutes, athletic trainers, etc., affiliate with the team”.

Answer B. the 25 yard lines.

Q30

A kicking tee made of pliable material may elevate the ball no more than:

A. 1/2 inch above the ground
B. 1 inch above the ground
C. 2 inches above the ground
D. 3 inches above the ground

Rule 1-3-4 (p. 15) defines a legal kicking tee.

A kicking tee shall be made of pliable material which elevates the lowest point of the ball no more than 2 inches above the ground.

Answer C. 2 inches above the ground

Q31

Touching refers to:

A. stepping on a sideline
B. catching the ball
C. any contact with the ball
D. none of the above

Rule 2-44 defines touching.  It is defined as:

Touching refers to any contact with the ball, i.e., either by touching or being touched by it. Touching by an official in the field of play or end zone is ignored.

Answer C. any contact with the ball

Q32

The spot where a run ends is:

A. where the ball becomes dead in the runner’s possession
B. where the runner loses player possession if his run is followed by a loose ball
C. the spot of the catch or recovery when the momentum rule is in effect
D. all of the above

Rule 10-3-3 (p. 76) discusses when a run ends.  There are three criteria for determining the end of a run: where the ball becomes dead in the runner’s possession,  where the runner loses possession if his run is followed by a loose ball and the spot of the catch or recovery when the momentum rule is in effect.

Answer D. all of the above

Q33

The snap ends when:

A. the ball touches the ground
B. the ball touches any player
C. both A and B
D. none of the above

Rule 2-40-3 (p. 37) discusses when the snap ends.  It states that the snap ends when the ball touches the ground of any player.  Since both A & B are true, he answer in this case is C.

Answer C. both A and B

Q34

A Coach-Referee conference must be held:

A. in front of the team box and on the field of play.
B. in the team box.
C. anywhere on the field of play.
D. at the 50 yard line in the center of the field.

Rule 2-6 (p. 26-27) defines both Coach-Referee and authorized team conferences.  Rule 2-6-1 (p. 26), in particular, discusses Coach-Referee conferences. The rule states that the referee confers with the coach at the sideline in front of his team box in the field of play.

Answer A. in front of the team box and on the field of play.

Q35

Batting is intentionally slapping or striking the ball with (sic)

A. with the helmet.
B. with the arm or hand.
C. with the arm or hand or leg.
D. any part of the player’s body.

Batting is defined in Rule 2-2 (p. 24).  It is defined as “intentionally slapping or striking the ball with the arm or hand”.

Answer B. with the arm or hand.

Q36

A substitute becomes a player when he enters the field and:

A. communicates with a teammate or official
B. enters a huddle
C. is positioned in a formation
D. all of the above

Rule 2-32-15 discusses when a substitute becomes a player.

A substitute becomes a player when he enters the field and communicates with a teammate or an official, enters the huddle, is positioned in a formation or participates in the play.

Since A, B & C are all correct; the answer is D.

Answer D. all of the above

Q37

K1′s kickoff is caught by R1 and returned to R’s 30. While the kick is in flight, R2 blocks K1 below the waist at R’s 40. The penalty is accepted by K. The correct ruling is:

A. K will rekick from R’s 45 and the clock will start on the ready for play signal
B. R’s ball 1st and 10 at R’s 20 and the clock starts on the ready for play signal
C. K will rekick from R’s 45 and the clock will start when the kick is touched other than first touching by K
D. R’s ball 1st and 10 at R’s 30 and the clock starts with the snap

As with any enforcement related question, we must first determine the basic stop to determine from where the penalty should be assessed. This foul occurred during a loose ball play as defined in Rule 2-33 (a) (p. 35). It states, “a loose ball play is action during a free kick or scrimmage kick other than post scrimmage kick fouls”. The basic spot for a loose ball play is the previous spot according to 10-4-2 (b) (p. 76). Since blocking below the waist if a 15 yard penalty that in this case will be assessed from K’s 40 yard line, K will rekick from R’s 45.

We are half way to our answer, but now we must determine the clock status. The case book has a play that addresses this specific question 3.4.2 SITUATION B (p. 23).

K1’s kickoff is caught by R1 and returned to R’s 30. While the kick is in flight, R2 blocks K2 below the waist on R’s 40. RULING: If the penalty is declined, R will have the ball first and 10 on R’s 30. Since the clock is stopped for a new series following a legal kick, the clock will start with the snap. If the penalty is accepted, K will rekick from R’s 45. The clock will start when the kick is touched other than first touching by K. When a free kick down is replayed, the clock will start the same as it does on the original free kick. (3-4-1, 3)

The clock will start when the kick is touches other than first touching by R.

Answer C. K will rekick from R’s 45 and the clock will start when the kick is touched other than first touching by K

Q38

K1′s punt on 4th and 10 is from his own 20 yard line. The kick is high and short. R1 gives a valid (fair catch) signal beyond the neutral zone and muffs the kick. The ball rebounds behind the neutral zone where K1 recovers the ball at his 15 yard line and advances to his 18 yard line. The correct ruling is:

A. K may not advance a muff by R; K’s ball 1st and 10 at K’s 15 yard line.
B. legal advance by K1; K’s ball 1st and 10 from their 18 yard line.
C. K relinquished possession by kicking on fourth down; R’s ball 1st and 10 from K’s 18 yard line.
D. legal advance by K1, but he did not reach the line to gain (LTG); R’s ball 1st and 10 from K’s 18 yard line.

This is one of the more complicated questions on the exam. It has quite a bit of action and tests several knowledge areas that may or may not come into play including, but not limited to, when a kick ends, who can advance scrimmage kicks muffed by R, advancement of scrimmage kicks recovered behind the line of scrimmage (LOS), achievement of the LTG, who is awarded a new series when the down ends, etc.

First, we need to decide if the advance by K was legal.

Rule 6-2-3 (p. 53) states that any K player may catch or recover a scrimmage kick (that is not a try) and advance if the scrimmage kick is caught or recovered while it is in or behind the neutral zone.

Rule 6-2-4 (p. 53-54) states that any K player may catch or recover a scrimmage kick while it is beyond the neutral zone or neutral zone expanded provided that the kick has been touched by a receiver who was clearly beyond the neutral zone at the time of touching (provided that the receiver was not pushed or blocked into the ball and that the ball was not legally batted or muffed into R). A recovery by R in this situation results in a dead ball.

In this situation you have a kick beyond the LOS, that was muffed by R. The muffed ball was recovered by K behind the LOS and advanced.

Which rule applies? The comment added to 6.2.3 SITUATION A (p. 42) makes the answer crystal clear.

The right of the K to advance their recovered scrimmage kick depends entirely upon whether the kick is recovered in, behind or beyond the neutral zone. The fact that the kick went beyond the neutral zone and then rebounded behind it is of no consequence. If the recovery is in or behind the neutral zone, K may advance.

Next, we need to determine who will be awarded a new series.

Rule 5-1-3 (p. 49) discusses who a new series is awarded to when a scrimmage down end with the ball in the field of play or out of bounds between the goal lines. 5-1-3 (f) says that the team in possession at the end of the down will be awarded a new series if R is the first to touch a scrimmage kick while it is beyond the expanded neutral zone, unless the penalty is accepted for a non post-scrimmage kick fouled which occurred before the kick ended or unless 6-2-7 applies.

Rule 6-2-7 (p. 54) discusses scrimmage kicks that become dead in bounds with no one in possession, kicks that go out of bounds between the goal lines and kicks that are jointly possessed in the field of play.

Since no non post-scrimmage kick penalty was accepted and 6-2-7 does not apply, the team in possession at the end of the down (K

Answer B. legal advance by K1; K’s ball 1st and 10 from their 18 yard line.

Q39

A free kick shall put the ball in play:

A. after a safety.
B. when a free kick down is replayed.
C. both A and B.
D. none of the above.

Rule 4-1-2 (p. 46) indicates when a ball should be put in play via free kick.  Rule 4-1-2 (a) states that there will be a free kick after a safety and Rule 4-1-2 (b) states that a free kick will take place when a free kick down is replayed.  Therefore, both A and B are correct.

Answer C. both A and B.

Q40

What must occur for Team K to execute a legal scrimmage kick?

A. team K must be in legal scrimmage kick formation
B. the scrimmage kick must be completed beyond the neutral zone
C. the scrimmage kick occurs after team possession has changed
D. the scrimmage kick must occur behind the neutral zone

There is no requirement that team K must be in a legal scrimmage kick formation to execute a legal scrimmage kick according to Rule 6-2-1 (p. 53).

K may punt, drop kick or place kick from in or behind the neutral zone before team possession has changed.It is not necessary to be in a scrimmage kick formation to execute a legal scrimmage kick. K may not punt, drop kick or place kick from beyond the neutral zone. R may not punt, drop kick or place kick.

Answer D. the scrimmage kick must occur behind the neutral zone

Q41

A touchback occurs when:

A. a scrimmage kick ends in Team R’s end zone
B. a free kick breaks Team R’s goal line
C. a three point field goal attempt in flight touches a Team K player in Team R’s end zone
D. all of the above

Rule 6-3 (p. 54) discusses what constitues a touchback.

According to 6-3-1 (a), it is a touchback if any free kick or scrimmage kick which is not a scoring attempt or which is a grounded three-point field-goal attempt breaks the plane of R’s goal line. Based on that definition both A and B are correct.

According to 6-3-1 (b), it is a touchback if any free kick or scrimmage kick with is a three-point field-goal attempt in flight touches a K player in R’s end zone. Answer C is also correct.

Therefore, the answer is all of the above.

Answer D. all of the above

Q42

A request for measurement may be granted when:

A. requested by a captain prior to the ball being marked ready for play
B. after the ball has been reset following a play that ended outside of the hash marks
C. requested by the captain after the ball has been marked ready for play
D. requested by a coach

Rule 5-3-2 [NOTE] (p. 51) states that “a measurement may be requested by the captain prior to the ball being marked ready for play, but it may be denied if, in the referee’s opinion, it is obvious the line to gain has or has not been reached”.

Answer A. requested by a captain prior to the ball being marked ready for play

Q43

Which of these offensive linemen may be in the neutral zone at the snap?

A. end
B. tackle
C. guard
D. center/snapper

Rule 7-1-5 addresses this particular question.

No player, other than the snapper, shall encroach on the neutral zone after the ball is marked ready for play by touching the ball or an opponent or by being in the neutral zone to give defensive signals.

Answer D. center/snapper

Q44

Barring exception, at least how many A players must be numbered 50-79 at the snap?

A. 4
B. 5
C. 6
D. 7

Rule 7-2-5 (p. 58) discusses player formation and player numbering requirements. 7-4-5 (b) states that barring exception there must be at least 5 players on the line of scrimmage numbered 50-79 at the snap.

Answer B. 5

Q45

A complete pass is a pass

A. caught by an ineligible receiver
B. which touches the ground
C. which goes out of bounds
D. possessed by a player in the air who first lands out of bounds

Rule 7-5-4 is used to determine whether or not a pass is complete.  The rule states that “a forward pass, legal or illegal, is complete and the ball may be advanced when caught by any player of A or B”.

Answer A. caught by an ineligible receiver

Q46

The score for a forfeited game ending in a tie is

A. 1-0
B. 3-0
C. 6-0
D. 7-0

Scoring is addressed in the chart in Rule 8-1 (p 64). Unless the offended team is ahead, A forfeited game is scored as follows: offended team 1, opponent 0. If the offended team is ahead the existing score stands.  In this case the game is tied so the final score will be 1-0.

Answer A. 1-0

Q47

A56 pulls A33 to assist in his forward progress. What is the foul?

A. helping the runner.
B. illegal use of the hands.
C. illegal participation.
D. none of the above.

Rule 9-1 (p. 67) addresses helping the runner.  The section states that “an offensive player shall not push, pull or lift the runner to assist his forward progress”.

Answer A. helping the runner.

Q48

All fouls are enforced from the basic spot except for those fouls which occur where?

A. out of bounds
B. defensive fouls in the end zone
C. fouls outside the free blocking zone
D. fouls by the offense behind the basic spot during a loose ball play or running play

Rule 10-6 (p. 77) discusses the all-but-one principle.

Unless otherwise listed in Section 4 and 5, a penalty for a foul occurring during a play is enforced from the basic spot with the exception of a foul by the offense which occurs behind the basic spot during a loose ball play or running play. This particular foul is enforced from the spot of the foul.

Answer D. fouls by the offense behind the basic spot during a loose ball play or running play

Q49

If the offensive team throws an illegal pass from its end zone or commits any other foul for which the penalty is accepted and measurement is from on or behind its goal line, what is the result?

A. Touchback
B. Safety
C. Touchdown
D. First down for the defense

Rule 8-5-2 (p. 66-67) discusses what constitues a safety.  8-5-2 (c) states the following:

A player on offense commits any foul for which the penalty is accepted and enforcement is from a spot in his end zone; or throws an illegal forward pass from his end zone and the penalty is declined in a situation which leaves him in possession at the spot of the illegal pass and with the ball having been forced into the end zone by the passing team.

Since the offense committed a foul for which the penalty was accepted and its measurement was from on or behind A’s goal line, the result is a safety.

Answer B. Safety

Q50

How far outside the sideline opposite the press box must the official line-to-gain and down indicators be operated, unless space does not permit?

A. 2 yards.
B. 3 yards.
C. 4 yards.
D. 5 yards.

Rule 1-3-5 (p. 15-16) discusses the required line-to-gain equipment and down indicator.  1-3-5 (b) states that the official line-to-gain and down indicators shall be operated approximately 2 yards outside the sideline opposite the press box, except in stadiums where the total playing enclosure does not permit.

Answer A. 2 yards.

When page numbers are given after rule references, you can refer to the corresponding pages in the 2011 NFHS Football Rule Book. When page numbers are given after case plays, please refer to the corresponding pages in the 2011 NFHS Football Case Book. When unsure if a rule or case play is being referenced, please keep in mind that rules are referenced with dashes (e.g. 1-5-1) and case plays are referenced with dots (e.g. 10.1.2).

Without further ado, let’s get started on the exam questions:

Q28

Any questions regarding legality of a player’s equipment shall be resolved by:

A. the Head Coach
B. the Referee
C. the Umpire
D. all officials on the crew are equally responsible

Rule 1-5-4 (p. 22) discusses the procedure for verifying that players are properly equipped and in compliance with the rules and addresses the procedure for resolving questions of legality by the officiating crew.  The rule says “any questions regarding legality of a player’s equipment shall be resolved by the umpire”.

Answer C. the Umpire

Q46

The score for a forfeited game ending in a tie is

A. 1-0
B. 3-0
C. 6-0
D. 7-0

Scoring is addressed in the chart in Rule 8-1 (p 64). Unless the offended team is ahead, A forfeited game is scored as follows: offended team 1, opponent 0. If the offended team is ahead the existing score stands.  In this case the game is tied so the final score will be 1-0.

Answer A. 1-0

Q9

1st and 10 for Team A at their own 20-yard line and Team A drops back to pass and throws. Offensive lineman A65 is flagged for holding 8 yards behind the line of scrimmage at the 12-yard line while the ball is in the air. If the penalty is accepted, what is the correct enforcement?

A. penalize 10 yards from the 20-yard line; 1st and 20 from the 10-yard line
B. penalize half the distance from the 12-yard line; 1st and 24 from the 6-yard line
C. the defense gets the option of having the penalty enforced from the previous spot or the spot of the foul
D. none of the above

According to the all-but-0ne principle detailed in Rule 10-6 (p. 77), fouls by the offensive team behind the basic spot during a loose ball or running play will be enforced from the spot of the foul.  Since the foul occurred at the 12-yard line, the penalty will be enforced from that spot.

Since penalty enforcement cannot take the ball more than half the distance from the enforcement spot to the offending team’s goal line [Rule 10-1-5 (p. 74)], the ball will be moved 6 yards to the 6-yard line.  The down will be replayed and the line to gain will remain the 30, so we have 1st and 24 from the 6-yard line.

Answer B. penalize half the distance from the 12-yard line; 1st and 24 from the 6-yard line

Q12

The helmet must be secured by a properly fastened chin strap with at least how many attachment points?

A. 2
B. 3
C. 4
D. 5

Rule 1-5-1 (a) [2] (p. 19) discusses the securing of the helmet.  It states that the helmet shall be secured by a properly fastened chin strap with at least four attachment points.

Answer C. 4

Q32

The spot where a run ends is:

A. where the ball becomes dead in the runner’s possession
B. where the runner loses player possession if his run is followed by a loose ball
C. the spot of the catch or recovery when the momentum rule is in effect
D. all of the above

Rule 10-3-3 (p. 76) discusses when a run ends.  There are three criteria for determining the end of a run: where the ball becomes dead in the runner’s possession,  where the runner loses possession if his run is followed by a loose ball and the spot of the catch or recovery when the momentum rule is in effect.

Answer D. all of the above

This takes us through 45 of the 50 questions in the IHSA sample bank.  As always if you have any comments or questions regarding the questions covered or simply think I’ve go something wrong, please let me know either via comment or email.

When page numbers are given after rule references, you can refer to the corresponding pages in the 2011 NFHS Football Rule Book. When page numbers are given after case plays, please refer to the corresponding pages in the 2011 NFHS Football Case Book. When unsure if a rule or case play is being referenced, please keep in mind that rules are referenced with dashes (e.g. 1-5-1) and case plays are referenced with dots (e.g. 10.1.2).

Without further ado, let’s get started on the exam questions:

Q18

After the halftime intermission expires, when must the referee start the three-minute mandatory warm-up period?

A. once either team has returned to the field
B. once both teams have returned to the field
C. immediately
D. once either team has started warm-up exercises

While some will debate whether or not this was a rule change or a clarification, the NFHS considers it a 2009 rule change. The change mandated that the clock be started immediately at the conclusion of the half time period.

The mandatory three-minute warm-up period begins immediately following the conclusion of the halftime intermission. The head coach of each team is responsible for his team being on the field for the warm-up period.

The change was to the table in Rule 3-1 (p. 39).

Answer C. immediately

Q8

The game is tied and after the last play of the fourth quarter, defender B50 is flagged for a late hit. Team A wins the toss in overtime and elects to go on defense first. Team B will begin overtime:

A. 1st and goal from the 10-yard line; fouls can never carry over from regulation to overtime.
B. 1st and goal from the 25-yard line; dead ball fouls can carry over from regulation to overtime.
C. the officials made an error; Team A should have been given one untimed down in regulation due to Team B’s foul
D. there is no penalty as time has expired

In the resolving tied games section of the NFHS rulebook (p. 88), this exact scenario is covered.

3.1.1 SITUATION B: During the last timed down of the fourth period A1 advances for a touchdown making the score B-22 and A-20. On the try A2 passes complete to A3 in the end zone. Following the try B1 commits an unsportsmanlike foul. Ruling: The penalty for the foul by B1 after the successful try will be administered from the succeeding spot to begin overtime play. Comment: In this situation the referee should explain to the captains at the time of the coin toss the fact the penalty will be administered on the first series of downs in the overtime. The place from which the ball will be put in play for each team could have an effect on the choice made by the winner of the toss.

Since B will be on offence first in overtime, the penalty will be enforced from the 10-yard line and take the ball to the 25-yard line.  It will be first and goal.

Answer B. 1st and goal from the 25-yard line; dead ball fouls can carry over from regulation to overtime.

Q30

A kicking tee made of pliable material may elevate the ball no more than:

A. 1/2 inch above the ground
B. 1 inch above the ground
C. 2 inches above the ground
D. 3 inches above the ground

Rule 1-3-4 (p. 15) defines a legal kicking tee.

A kicking tee shall be made of pliable material which elevates the lowest point of the ball no more than 2 inches above the ground.

Answer C. 2 inches above the ground

Q25

A simultaneous catch of a forward pass occurs when:

A. the players’ contact with the ground is simultaneous
B. opposing players have simultaneous joint possession
C. Player B83 strips possession of the ball from A88 following a forward pass
D. Player A81 catches the ball inbounds at the same time as B89, who is standing on the sideline

Rule 2-4-3 addresses what constitutes a simultaneous catch.

A simultaneous catch or recovery is a catch or recovery in which there is joint possession of a live ball by opposing players who are inbounds.

Answer B. opposing players have simultaneous joint possession

Q43

Which of these offensive linemen may be in the neutral zone at the snap?

A. end
B. tackle
C. guard
D. center/snapper

Rule 7-1-5 addresses this particular question.

No player, other than the snapper, shall encroach on the neutral zone after the ball is marked ready for play by touching the ball or an opponent or by being in the neutral zone to give defensive signals.

Answer D. center/snapper

This takes us through all of the 50 questions in the IHSA sample bank.  As always if you have any comments or questions regarding the questions covered or simply think I’ve go something wrong, please let me know either via comment or email.

When page numbers are given after rule references, you can refer to the corresponding pages in the 2011 NFHS Football Rule Book. When page numbers are given after case plays, please refer to the corresponding pages in the 2011 NFHS Football Case Book. When unsure if a rule or case play is being referenced, please keep in mind that rules are referenced with dashes (e.g. 1-5-1) and case plays are referenced with dots (e.g. 10.1.2).

Without further ado, let’s get started on the exam questions:

Q48

All fouls are enforced from the basic spot except for those fouls which occur where?

A. out of bounds
B. defensive fouls in the end zone
C. fouls outside the free blocking zone
D. fouls by the offense behind the basic spot during a loose ball play or running play

Rule 10-6 (p. 77) discusses the all-but-one principle.

Unless otherwise listed in Section 4 and 5, a penalty for a foul occurring during a play is enforced from the basic spot with the exception of a foul by the offense which occurs behind the basic spot during a loose ball play or running play. This particular foul is enforced from the spot of the foul.

Answer D. fouls by the offense behind the basic spot during a loose ball play or running play

Q40

What must occur for Team K to execute a legal scrimmage kick?

A. team K must be in legal scrimmage kick formation
B. the scrimmage kick must be completed beyond the neutral zone
C. the scrimmage kick occurs after team possession has changed
D. the scrimmage kick must occur behind the neutral zone

There is no requirement that team K must be in a legal scrimmage kick formation to execute a legal scrimmage kick according to Rule 6-2-1 (p. 53).

K may punt, drop kick or place kick from in or behind the neutral zone before team possession has changed. It is not necessary to be in a scrimmage kick formation to execute a legal scrimmage kick. K may not punt, drop kick or place kick from beyond the neutral zone. R may not punt, drop kick or place kick.

Answer D. the scrimmage kick must occur behind the neutral zone

Q27

Which of the following is not a multiple foul?

A. A33 is moving forward at the snap and A81 pushes off while running his pass route
B. B60 head slaps A50 and B24 tackles A22 by his facemask
C. A50 holds on a TD run by A21, then, the coach for team A gets an unsportsmanlike penalty
D. A62 holds B50, A62 then blocks B60 below the waist

Rule 2-16-2 (e) (p. 29) defines a multiple foul:

Multiple—two or more live-ball fouls (other than nonplayer or unsportsmanlike) are committed during the same down by the same team at such a time that the offended team is permitted a choice of penalties.

The only option that does not fall under that definition is answer C which is one live ball foul and one non-player unsportsmanlike conduct foul.

Answer C. A50 holds on a TD run by A21, then, the coach for team A gets an unsportsmanlike penalty

Q2

Player B27 intercepts a ball in his own end zone. While attempting to run the ball out, he is hit from behind and fumbles while still in the end zone. The ball is fumbled forward and rolls out of bounds at Team B’s 2-yard line. The correct call is:

A. safety; award Team A two points
B. touchback; 1st and 10 for Team B at the 20-yard line
C. award possession to Team A; first and goal for Team A at the 2-yard line
D. 1st and 10 for Team B at the 2-yard line

First we should determine the dead ball spot and the team in possession at the end of the down.

The dead ball spot is clearly team B’s 2-yard line.  The fact that the fumble was forward could not matter less.  When trying to determine who was in possession at the end of the down it is important to remember that once B27 has possession of this ball with clean hands, they will retain possession (barring another change of possession).

Since we have a dead ball spot at B’s 2-yard line, we cannot have a safety (Rule 8-5-2 [p. 66-67]) or a touchback (Rule 8-5-3 [p. 67]). We’ve also determined that B had possession at the end of the down, so there is no reason to award the ball to team A. The correct answer is 1st and 10 for team B at the 2-yard line.

Answer D. 1st and 10 for Team B at the 2-yard line

Q17

Third and 10 for A from B’s 40-yard line. Player A1 gains 10 yards and is downed on B’s 30. A2 taunts B1 during the run at the 35-yard line. After the penalty is enforced the situation is:

A. A’s ball, 1st and 15 from B’s 45-yard line
B. A’s ball, 2nd and 15 from B’s 45-yard line
C. A’s ball, 1st and 10 from B’s 45-yard line
D. A’s ball, 1st and 20 from the 50-yard line

Another penalty enforcement related question.

This one not only tests your knowledge of determining the basic spot, but also tests your knowledge regarding when a new series is awarded.

The taunting foul is considered non-contact unsportsmanlike conduct (USC) by a player according to Rule 9-5-1 (a) (p. 70). Rule 10-4-5 (a) (p. 76) tells us that the basic spot on USC foul is always the succeeding spot. Since the succeeding spot was B’s 30, the 15 yard penalty for USC will be enforced from that spot.

We’ve determined that A will have the ball on B’s 45 yard line, but has A earned a new series?

5.1.2 SITUATION C in the case book addresses a similar play:

Third and 10 for A from B’s 40-yard line. A1 gains 10 yards and is downed on B’s 30. A2 taunts B1 during the run. RULING: Since the liveball action gave A a new series, the line to gain shall be established after A is penalized for A2’s unsportsmanlike act. It will be first and 10 for A from B’s 45-yard line.

In this play, the live ball action gave A a new series.  It will be A’s ball 1st and 10 from B’s 45-yard line.

Answer C. A’s ball, 1st and 10 from B’s 45-yard line

This takes us through 45 of the 50 questions in the IHSA sample bank.  As always if you have any comments or questions regarding the questions covered or simply think I’ve go something wrong, please let me know either via comment or email.

When page numbers are given after rule references, you can refer to the corresponding pages in the 2011 NFHS Football Rule Book. When page numbers are given after case plays, please refer to the corresponding pages in the 2011 NFHS Football Case Book. When unsure if a rule or case play is being referenced, please keep in mind that rules are referenced with dashes (e.g. 1-5-1) and case plays are referenced with dots (e.g. 10.1.2).

Without further ado, let’s get started on the exam questions:

Q45

A complete pass is a pass

A. caught by an ineligible receiver
B. which touches the ground
C. which goes out of bounds
D. possessed by a player in the air who first lands out of bounds

Rule 7-5-4 is used to determine whether or not a pass is complete.  The rule states that “a forward pass, legal or illegal, is complete and the ball may be advanced when caught by any player of A or B”.

Answer A. caught by an ineligible receiver

Q31

Touching refers to:

A. stepping on a sideline
B. catching the ball
C. any contact with the ball
D. none of the above

Rule 2-44 defines touching.  It is defined as:

Touching refers to any contact with the ball, i.e., either by touching or being touched by it. Touching by an official in the field of play or end zone is ignored.

Answer C. any contact with the ball

Q26

Quarterback A1 drops back to pass, but is unable to find a receiver. It is legal for A1 to:

A. throw the ball to the ground at the feet of an oncoming defensive lineman
B. throw a backward pass out-of-bounds
C. throw a forward pass over the head of onrushing defensive lineman with no eligible receivers nearby
D. throw the ball away as long as he is outside either offensive tackle

There are no restrictions on a backward pass.  All of the others are specifically prohibited in Rule 7-5-2 (p. 59).

Answer B. throw a backward pass out-of-bounds

Q11

The tooth and mouth protector shall be any readily visible color except:

A. pink
B. black
C. completely white or clear
D. red

Rule 1-5-1 (p. 17-20) discusses mandatory player equipment.  According to rule 1-5-1 (c) [5] (c) [1,2] the tooth and mouth protector shall not be completely white or completely clear.

Answer C. completely white or clear

Q5

Team A is leading late in the game with the game clock running. While they are attempting to snap the ball, a delay of game foul is called. After the accepted penalty, the clock should start on the:

A. ready for play signal, since the clock was running before the foul
B. ready for play signal, with no exception
C. snap, only if the officials believe that Team A was trying to run time off the clock
D. snap, with no exception

Rule 3-4-3 (p. 42) discusses when the clock should be started with the snap. 3-4-3 (i) states that the clock should be started with the snap if the penalty for a delay of game foul is accepted. Since the penalty was accepted in play in question, the clock should start with the snap with no exception.

Answer D. snap, with no exception

This takes us through 35 of the 50 questions in the IHSA sample bank.  As always if you have any comments or questions regarding the questions covered or simply think I’ve go something wrong, please let me know either via comment or email.

When page numbers are given after rule references, you can refer to the corresponding pages in the 2011 NFHS Football Rule Book. When page numbers are given after case plays, please refer to the corresponding pages in the 2011 NFHS Football Case Book. When unsure if a rule or case play is being referenced, please keep in mind that rules are referenced with dashes (e.g. 1-5-1) and case plays are referenced with dots (e.g. 10.1.2).

Without further ado, let’s get started on the exam questions:

Q21

With 4th and 4 from the 50-yard line, Player A1 runs to B’s 40 and throws an incomplete forward pass. If B accepts the penalty for the illegal forward pass, the situation is:

A. B’s ball, 1st and 10 from the 50-yard line
B. B’s ball, 1st and 10 from B’s 40-yard line
C. A’s ball, 1st and 10 from B’s 40-yard line
D. A’s ball, 1st and 10 from B’s 45-yard line

The enforcement spot for an illegal forward pass is the spot from which the pass is thrown according to Rule 7-5-3 (p. 60). The enforcement spot is B’s 40-yard line so the five yard penalty will result in the ball being placed on B’s 45 yard line. At this point we can deduce that D is the answer since it if the only answer that has the ball place on the correct yard line.

Since the ball is beyond the line to gain (LTG) at the end of the down, A is awarded a new series.

It is important to remember that a loss of down is the loss of the right to replay a down.  The loss of down provision has no significance if the line to gain is reached after enforcement.

Answer D. A’s ball, 1st and 10 from B’s 45-yard line

Q36

A substitute becomes a player when he enters the field and:

A. communicates with a teammate or official
B. enters a huddle
C. is positioned in a formation
D. all of the above

Rule 2-32-15 discusses when a substitute becomes a player.

A substitute becomes a player when he enters the field and communicates with a teammate or an official, enters the huddle, is positioned in a formation or participates in the play.

Since A, B & C are all correct; the answer is D.

Answer D. all of the above

Q42

A request for measurement may be granted when:

A. requested by a captain prior to the ball being marked ready for play
B. after the ball has been reset following a play that ended outside of the hash marks
C. requested by the captain after the ball has been marked ready for play
D. requested by a coach

Rule 5-3-2 [NOTE] (p. 51) states that “a measurement may be requested by the captain prior to the ball being marked ready for play, but it may be denied if, in the referee’s opinion, it is obvious the line to gain has or has not been reached”.

Answer A. requested by a captain prior to the ball being marked ready for play

Q6

First and goal for Team A on the 5-yard line. Defender B70 comes on to the field to replace B12. However, B12 realizes that he can’t get to his sideline before the snap, so he exits the field through the end line of the end zone and is moving toward his team box out of bounds when the ball is snapped. The correct call is:

A. foul for illegal substitution; this is a live ball foul and the play should be allowed to continue
B. foul for illegal substitution; this is a dead ball foul as soon as B12 crosses the end line
C. legal play as B12 left the field and was moving toward his team box
D. none of the above

Rule 3-7-2 (p. 45) states that “a player, replaced player or a substitute is required to leave the field at the side on which his team box is located and go directly to his team box”.  The penalty prescribed for article 2 is a dead ball illegal substitution foul.

Answer B. foul for illegal substitution; this is a dead ball foul as soon as B12 crosses the end line

Q19

A period must be extended by an untimed down if, during the last timed down:

A. Team A’s penalty for pass interference was accepted
B. the only penalty during the down was declined
C. the visiting coach’s unsportsmanlike foul was accepted
D. an inadvertent whistle was sounded

Rule 3-3-3 (p. 41) states when a period must be extended by an untimed down.  3-3-3 (c) states that the period must be extended if there was an inadvertent whistle.

Answer D. an inadvertent whistle was sounded

This takes us through 30 of the 50 questions in the IHSA sample bank.  As always if you have any comments or questions regarding the questions covered or simply think I’ve go something wrong, please let me know either via comment or email.

Rule 9-4-5 (p. 69-70) mandates that defenders shall neither run into the kicker (which is contact that displaces the kicker or holder without roughing); nor block, tackle or charge into the kicker of a scrimmage kick, or the place-kick holder.

However, there are 4 exceptions:

• Contact that is unavoidable because it is not reasonably certain that a kick will be made is legal.
• Contact made when the defense touches the kick near the kicker and contact is unavoidable is legal.
• Contact is slight and is partially caused by movement of the kicker is legal.
• Contact is caused by R being blocked into the kicker or holder by K.

Roughing the kicker fouls simply come down to the referee’s judgement.  He must first decide whether there was exempting action that occurred.  With no exemption, the referee must decide if the contact was nothing, running into the kicker or roughing the kicker.

The following plays illustrate some of the nuances of 9-4-5.

Assuming no exception, this contact would clearly constitue roughing the kicker.

However, we must consider whether or not it the contact occurred because the defender is not reasonably certain that a kick will be made.  Since the kicker fumbled the snap and was still bobbling the ball when the defender committed to his charge, I do not believe he was reasonably certain that a kick would be made.

I do not believe that a foul occurred on this play. This was a great “no call”.

When a kicker gets wiped out like this and there is no flag on the ground, you are likely going to hear about it. This is a situation where knowing and using the “rule book language” is invaluable. Let the coach(es) know that you believe that the defender could not have been reasonably certain that a kick would be made given the kickers difficulties handling the ball and the contact was unavoidable.

While this video does a good job of illustrating contact that displaces the kicker or holder without roughing, I’m not in love with the call. It appears to me that R25 was rushing to a spot in front of the kicker and was blocked into the kicker by K33.

With contact this slight and K33′s actions, I would have gone with no call here.

It doesn’t get any easier than this play.

The defender was clearly aware of the impending kick.  He clearly did not make contact with the ball in the vicinity of the kicker. The contact was not slight as was in no way caused by the actions of the kicker. The defender was not blocked into the kicker.

Roughing the kicker is clearly the correct call in this situation.